Lunar lava tubes have a natural underground pipeline structure, providing excellent shelter in high-risk lunar environments such as strong radiation, large temperature variations, and frequent meteorite impacts. This makes them an inevitable choice for establishing extraterrestrial bases like lunar scientific research stations. With the continuous advancement of lunar topographic survey and reconstruction technology, high-precision topographic survey methods and detailed 3D topographic models can provide strong support for the exploration and application potential evaluation of lunar lava tubes. This article summarizes the main tasks of human lunar exploration at different stages and discusses the relationship between lava tubes and the selection and construction of future lunar bases. It also briefly analyzes the current research status of lava tube exploration in China. Furthermore, by analyzing the common exploration methods for lunar lava tubes, the article discusses the current application status, development requirements, and challenges of lunar topographic survey and reconstruction technology in lava tube exploration. In conclusion, the article outlines the prospects for future lunar lava tube exploration and presents recommendations, with a view to promoting global development in lunar lava tube exploration and related scientific research and contributing to the human community in the space journey.